Black Friday Sale! In the north the pagan Lithuanians, Prussians, and Jatvingians were harassing Mazovia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [10] Sigismund attempted to break the Polish–Lithuanian alliance by offering Vytautas a king's crown; Vytautas's acceptance of such a crown would violate the terms of the Ostrów Agreement and create Polish-Lithuanian discord. [13] The Knights, who took a defensive position, did not expect a joint attack and were preparing for a dual invasion – by the Poles along the Vistula River towards Danzig (Gdańsk) and by the Lithuanians along the Neman River towards Ragnit (Neman). [35] Only eight castles remained in Teutonic hands. However, the Knights quickly recaptured most of the castles. As Grand Master von Jungingen attempted to break through the Lithuanian lines, he was killed. Thus th… [22] The Polish–Lithuanian army was an amalgam of nationalities and religions: the Roman Catholic Polish–Lithuanian troops fought side by side with pagan Samogitians, Eastern Orthodox Ruthenians, and Muslim Tatars. His pursuit of the latter was opposed by one of the minor dukes, Władysław the Short, who had earlier battled the two Wenceslases and their supporters. Most of the Teutonic leadership was killed or taken prisoner. The war shifted the balance of power in Central Europe and marked the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as the dominant power in the region. [32] The main forces did not reach heavily fortified Marienburg until 26 July. [2] The territorial disputes continued over Samogitia, which was in Teutonic hands since the Peace of Raciąż of 1404. That, in turn, led to a series of conflicts that culminated in the Thirteen Years' War (1454).[43]. [40] To meet the payments, the Knights borrowed heavily, confiscated gold and silver from churches, and increased taxes. [26] Heavy fighting began between Polish and Teutonic forces and even reached the royal camp of Jogaila. [12], By December 1409, Jogaila and Vytautas had agreed on a common strategy: their armies would unite into a single massive force and march together towards Marienburg (Malbork), capital of the Teutonic Knights. Establishing an administration based on provincial royal officials (starosta)—a permanent feature of Polish administration in the centuries to come—he temporarily pacified the country. The sumptuous banquet given to the visiting rulers by the Kraków burgher Nicholas Wierzynek passed into popular lore. The duke of Silesia, Henry II (the Pious), who had been gathering forces to reunite Poland, perished in the Battle of Legnica (Liegnitz) in 1241, and the devastation wrought by the Mongols may have contributed to the above-mentioned colonization. [27] Surrounded and leaderless, the Teutonic Knights began to retreat towards their camp in hopes to organize a defensive wagon fort. The army would instead bypass the river crossing by turning east, towards its sources, where no other major rivers separated his army from Marienburg. Premium Membership is now 50% off! 15,000 extras were employed to create the battle scenes. He became the king of Poland under the name of Władysław II Jagiełło upon marrying Jadwiga, with whom he at first ruled jointly. Territorial disputes lasted until the Peace of Melno of 1422. [30] Most of the captive commoners and mercenaries were released shortly after the battle on condition that they report to Kraków on 11 November 1410. "The Battle of Tannenberg-Grunwald-Žalgiris (1410) as reflected in Twentieth-Century monuments", Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis, First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41), Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60), Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88), Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522), Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic_War&oldid=986736668, Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 15th century in the State of the Teutonic Order, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland, This page was last edited on 2 November 2020, at 18:21.
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